AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Agronomy
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.001
INFLUENCE OF DIATOMITIS ON SPRING TRITICALE YIELD
O.M. Kasynkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
T.A. Vlasova, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, associate professor;
N.N. Sologub, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents the results of a study on the effect of a local silicon-containing mineral resource (diatomite) on the yield of the Ukro spring triticale. The studies were conducted in 2014-2016 on a temporary experimental site in Bessonovsky district of Penza region. It was found that the use of diatomite contributed to an increase in the yield and quality of grain of the Ukro spring triticale. The grain yield of the studied variety of spring triticale on average over the years of study varied from 4.00 t/ha in the variant with the introduction of diatomite 2 t/ha to 4.30 t/ha in the variant with the introduction of diatomite 8 t/ha, with the average yield of the variety 3.80 t/ha in the control. Grain-unit, depending on the rate of diatomite, increased by 0.6-20.6 g/l, and vitreousness by 1.0-9.9%. Significant deviations in yield and quality were obtained in variants with rate of diatomite application from 4 to 8 t/ha.
Keywords: spring triticale, diatomite, yield, grain-unit, vitreousness.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.002
INFLUENCE OF MEGAMIX FOLIAR FERTILIZING ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT GRAIN
V.A. Isaichev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.N. Andreev2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher
1 Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin, Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8 (8422) 55-95-16,
e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2 Institute of Technology – a branch of the Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin, Dimitrovgrad, Russia,
tel. 89061434511, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The results of studying the effectiveness of using various modifications of MEGAMIX and complex mineral fertilizer (ANP fertilizer) in the cultivation technology of spring wheat of the Ulyanovskaya 100 variety in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. It was found that under the influence of foliar treatment with MEGAMIX, protein content in the grain increased by 0.67-1.03% (unfermented background) and by 1.33-1.61% (fertilized background). On average, over the years of research, in comparison with the control variant, the increase in the mass fraction of gluten was 0.71-1.57% (unfertilized background) and 1.94-2.60% (fertilized background), depending on the variant of the experiment. The use of MEGAMIX and ANP fertilizer helps to reduce gluten deformation index by 4.44-6.47 c.u., which, in turn, improves the technological advantages of wheat grain. The starch content in the grain of the experimental crop increases in comparison with the control by 1.81-4.99%. The studied modifications of MEGAMIX increased the yield by 0.37-1.43 c/ha against an unfertilized background and by 1.41-3.12 c/ha against a fertilized background. The most effective in all respects is the use of liquid mineral fertilizer MEGAMIX – ZINC against the background of a complex mineral fertilizer (ANP fertilizer).
Keywords: spring wheat, macro- microelement fertilizers, protein, mass fraction of gluten, starch, productivity.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.003
SEARCH FOR THE SELECTION CRITERIA IN THE PROCESS OF SPRING BARLEY BREEDING IN DIFFERENT YEARS OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY
D.O. Dolzhenko, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
S.N. Shevchenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after N.M. Tulaykov, Bezenchuk, Samara region, Russia,
tel. +7(84676) 2-11-40, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Variations in the elements of the yield structure and correlation relationships between them were studied using hybrids of spring barley of generations F1 and F2. The goal of the study is to search for effective selection criteria for productivity of a head and a plant in the process of spring barley breeding. Field experiments were carried out on chernozems of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region in years contrasting in the hydrothermal regime. The height of plants, Khoz of the main head and Khoz of the main shoot were consistently characterized by a low coefficient of variation (up to 10%), productive tillering, grain weight of the main head, Khoz of a plant by average (10-20%). The variability of the other studied elements of the yield structure varied from low to average. In the year with sufficient moisture, three relatively separate correlational constellations appeared: productivity of the main head, productivity of the plant, Khoz, as well as almost independent trait of “weight of 1000 grains”. In the dry year, there was a redefinition of the correlations between the elements, a conjugation between the characteristics of different constellations, and an increase of contribution to the productivity of indices of weight of 1000 grains and Khoz. The conclusion is made about the influence of various selection criteria on the productivity of barley under favorable and arid conditions. Under favorable conditions, it is necessary to select by the length of the main head and the number of grains in it. In a dry year, the weight of 1000 grains and indicators of Khoz acquire special importance, which are an independent goal of breeding under any conditions. When selecting breeding lines and selecting parental forms for crosses, it is necessary to rely on data obtained in years with contrasting weather conditions.
Keywords: barley, selection, selection, yield, yield structure, 1000 grain weight, productivity in-dex.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.004
AGROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
V.I. Salnikov2, post-graduate student;
I.P. Koshelyaeva1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, Penza, tel. 8 (8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2 Branch of the federal state budgetary institution "Rosselhoscenter" of the Penza region, Russia, Penza, tel. 8 (8412) 35-26-50, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
At present, the objective nutrient requirements of plants are not well known, as evidenced by the significant differences between maximum and average yields in variety trials. Significant differences in yields are due to the fact that the genetic characteristics of varieties to absorb nutrients from soil and fertilizer are not taken into account. For the most part, fertilizer application is calculated as a crop average rather than for the variety being cultivated. As a result, variety testing without taking into account genetically determined features of mineral nutrition leads to the fact that agrochemically active varieties are withdrawn from testing, because appropriate conditions of mineral nutrition are not created for realization of their genetic potential. The aim of the work is to evaluate the general and specific responsiveness of winter wheat varieties to the application of mineral fertilizers and to identify agrochemically active forms. In order to achieve the objective a two-factor field experiment was laid. Factor A – winter wheat varieties, factor B – mineral nutrition levels. As a result, it was found that the most agrochemically active forms are winter wheat varieties Skipetr, Klavdiya 2 and Moskovskaya 56. Bezenchukskaya 380, Nemchinovskaya 57 and Fotinya varieties are characterized as forms with less agrochemical activity.
Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, agrochemical activity, mineral nutrition, fertilizer.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.005
COMPETITIVE ABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ALFALFA IN AGROCENOSIS WITH AN ASSOCIATED GRASS COMPONENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
I.V. Epifanova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budget Research Institution «Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops», Tver, Russia, tel. 89630987236, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Crops» is aimed at achieving a uniform distribution of feed mass on mowing during the growing period, rapid plant regrowing in spring and after mowings, increasing the phytocoenotic plasticity, productive longevity, and resistance to the cultivation regime. The object of research is presented by samples of the changeable alfalfa, sown in a mix with the awnless brome in the field of competitive variety trial. The gathering of dry matter of the alfalfa-brome mixture was closely related to the gathering of dry matter of alfalfa. On average, over four years of the use, samples – Populyatsiya 2, Korneotpryskovaya + Kornevischnaya, Kornevischnaya 1 and Korneotpryskovaya 1 – gave 1.39...1.68 t/ha of dry matter of the legume component (alfalfa) in a mixed planting, which is 6.3...28.6% higher than the standard. The best of these samples also provided the higher overall productivity of the mixtures. They gave 5.80...5.85 t/ha of dry matter, which is 5.5...6.4% higher than the standard. Samples Populyatsiya 2 and Korneotpryskovaya 1 formed the highest yield of digestible protein of 0.83...0.88 t/ha (+ 6.5...12.4 % to st.), with the content of digestible protein in one feed unit of 206...209 g (+ 14.9...16.8 % to st.). The yield of the samples had the main impact by the growth rate of the herbage in the inter-mowing periods (dух = 77 %; r = 0,88±0,25) and resistance to soil and climatic conditions (dух = 79 %; r = 0,89±0,26). The ability to post-mowing regrowth had an impact on the dry matter gathering by 42 % (dух = 42 %; r = 0,65±0,02).
Keywords: alfalfa changeable, awnless brome, selection, regrowth, competitive ability of alfalfa.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.006
MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR ORGANIC FARMING BASED ON ORGANIC WASTE AND RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING
O.A. Olenin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
S.N. Zudilin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Samara, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript., Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The development of organic farming primarily depends on the availability of organic fertilizers and biological products. The goal of the research is to develop multifunctional biological products from components of animal and plant origin based on the utilization of organic waste and raw materials and to study their impact on the indicators of agrophytocenoses and the yield of field and horticultural crops. The work uses the results of research on the development of multifunctional biological products, as well as their effectiveness in the experimental field of the Samara State Agrarian University in 2017-2019. As a result, the line of "AgroTonik" biological products with the functions of fertilizer and the growth biostimulator was developed: «Tsvetovod», «Sadovod», «Ovoshchevod», «Polevod», «Lesovod» and «Universal'niy». "AgroTonik", unlike many organic and mineral fertilizers, contains all the components necessary for plants: macro -, meso- and microelements in an easily available form, microorganisms, growth stimulators – bioactive phytohormones, amino acids of plant origin, vitamins, a complex of cellulosolytic enzymes, soil antibiotics, humic substances, bio-sticking agent. The multicomponent biological product with the functions of fertilizer, fungicide and bactericide reduced the affection of winter wheat plants by 16.7-27.1 % concerning the control, and by 17.4-22.6 %, in comparison with mineral fertilizers. The biological product increased the yield of winter wheat by 7.7-25.4% compared to the control, while the use of a pesticide only by 5.3-11.5 %, with the cost of a single herbicide on average 500 rubles/ha, and a biological product – 300 rubles/ha with double treatment.
Keywords: digital organic farming, multifunctional biological products, crop bio-security, yield.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.007
THE KEY ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF MYSCANTHUS GIGANTEUS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
А.А. Volodkin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
А.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Currently, an urgent task is to find environmentally friendly and economically accessible energy sources for multi-purpose use. One such resource is a perennial plant from the bluegrass family, Miscanthus giganteus, which has a significant increase in above-ground mass by C4-photosynthesis, but cannot realize its potential as a crop with high rates of photosynthetic activity, because in the year of planting it competes poorly with weeds. Therefore, we studied ways to control the weed component in the agrocenosis of miscanthus on the light gray soil of the collection area of Penza State Agrarian University. In the years of the research, characterized by different hydrothermal conditions (HTC 0.64-1.29), it was found that the herbicides of systemic action Balerina and Magnum in the background of Tornado 500 contribute to an increase in the leaf area of miscanthus in the first year up to 18.36...19.09 thousand m2/ha, in the photosynthetic potential to 496.1...508.7 thousand m2∙day/ha. The maximum values of net productivity of photosynthesis (0.62...0.85 g/m2∙day) were observed at the end of June. Due to the double chemical weeding the decrease of weeds leads to the maximum yield of above-ground mass – 8.92...9.09 t/ha. The highest dry matter yield of 2.13...2.97 t/ha was obtained using the Tornado 500 in combination with the herbicides Balerina and Magnum.
Keywords: photosynthesis, assimilative surface area, Miscanthus giganteus, dry matter harvest-ing, weed control, herbicides.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.008
THE EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF COMPLEX LIQUID FERTILIZERS IN CHELATED FORM AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NATURAL AND MINERAL NUTRITION OF SPRING WHEAT PLANTS
L.V. Karpova1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
G.A. Karpova2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
А.V. Strogonova1, post-graduate student
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628373; e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)643913; e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Intensification of agricultural production increases the load on soil resources, which leads to a decrease in fertility and, consequently, a decrease in mineral nutrition of plants in the agrocenosis. The search for ways to use preparations containing macro- and microelements in chelated form to activate the processes of growth, photosynthesis, yield formation and improving the quality of grain crops is very relevant. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 on the experimental plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University". The data were obtained by evaluating the effect of mineral nutrition backgrounds and liquid mineral fertilizers on the morphometric indicators of seedlings, the main indicators of photosynthesis during the growing season and the yield of spring soft wheat variety "Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda". The preparations "Megamix-seeds" and "Megamix-Profi" were used as macro- and microfertilizers in chelated form with different methods and terms of seed and crop treatment. The studies on the morphometric assessment of the seedlings have shown that the minimum values of symmetry coefficients were observed in the variants with the pre-sowing treatment of seeds and plants in the phases of tillering and earing – 17.97 and 17.31. At the same time, these variants obtained the highest yields – 3.88 and 4.02 t/ha, respectively. The maximum number of developed primary roots was observed in the variants with the combined use of Megamix-seeds and Megamix-Profi both on the background of natural fertility and on the background of mineral nutrition. In these variants the highest rates of plant survival were observed. The maximum values of the photosynthetic potential indicator were observed in the variant of binary application of Megamix-seeds and Megamix-Profi with double treatment in the tillering and earing phase. The highest grain yield of spring wheat was obtained in 2020 (HTC – 0.93) in the variant with seed treatment before sowing and subsequent spraying of plants in the phases of tillering and earing on a fertilized background – 4.11 t/ha, and the average for the three years of research – 4.02 t/ha.
Keywords: spring wheat, Megamix-seeds, Megamix-Profi, morphometric assessment of seed-lings, symmetry coefficient, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic productivity, yield.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.009
AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CORN
S.A. Semina1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.V. Gavryushina1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.A. Semina2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-81-51; e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2 Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Vegeculture", Odintsovo city district, VNIISSOK settlement, Russia
The article presents the research results of the influence of foliar treatment with solutions of complex fertilizers with microelements in chelated form (Azosol 36 Extra and Aquarin 5) on the biochemical composition and feeding value of biomass in early-season and middle-early corn hybrids at different levels of root nutrition. It was found that the content of crude protein was more influenced by mineral fertilizers: the content of crude protein in the phytomass of early-season hybrid corn increased by an average of 1.65 %, and the middle-early – by 1.76 %. A positive effect on the crude protein accumulation was provided by the treatment of crops with fertilizers with microelements in the five-leaf phase of corn and binary application. When treating crops with Aquarin 5 fertilizer, there was a decrease of crude fibre in the phytomass; the double crop spraying was more effective. Foliar treatment with the complex fertilizers with microelements contributed to an increase in the crude fat content by 0.10-0.34 %. No specific pattern was found, depending on the type of microfertilizers, on the effect on the biomass ash-content and the nitrogen-free extractive substances (NFE) content. Against the background of natural soil fertility, a greater collection of digestible protein was obtained with a double application of microelement fertilizers, and against the improved agricultural background – with the treatment of crop in the five-leaf phase of corn. Against both backgrounds of mineral nutrition, foliar treatment with Azosol 36 Extra contributed to obtaining a green mass better provided with digestible protein; and the advantage of treatment with complex fertilizers in the five-leaf phase and the double application was revealed. When treating crops with Azosol 36 Extra, the increase in feed units was 8.1-10.1 %.
Keywords: corn, hybrid, fertilizers, microelements, protein, fibre, ash.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.010
RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.A. Kutikhina, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8 (8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Plant growth regulators are one of the most promising groups of pesticides, the advantages of which are that they are harmless, environmentally safe and highly effective at low consumption rates of biologically active substances of multifunctional action. The preparation that has such properties is Zircon. It is produced on the basis of plant raw materials of Echinacea purpurea. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to establish the influence of Zircon-using methods on the raw material productivity of Calendula officinalis of the Kalta variety in the conditions of unstable moistening of the Middle Volga region forest-steppe. In 2018-2020, a single-factor experiment on the methods of using the preparation was conducted on the chernozem-meadow soil site of the Penza State Agrarian University. The first year of the experiment was the driest in terms of moisture conditions (HTC – 0.61). The next two years were characterized by insufficient moisture. Gathering raw materials during the years of research lasted 43, 63, 87 days, respectively. Over three research years, the Zircon stimulation of seeds and plants increased the number of inflorescences by 5...18 pcs./plant. It must be noted that their maximum was observed in a combination of treatments. The most productive (63.3 g) were plants where the Zircon preparation was used twice. The inflorescence mass in the control option counted to 48.4 g/plant. With foliar nutrition, it increased by 5.2 g, and with pre-sowing seed treatment – by 12.1 g. The yield of raw materials, dried at a temperature of 45...50°C, counted in the range of 1.79...2.72 t/ha. The double application of Zircon increased the raw material productivity by 0.93 t/ha. With a single preparation application, the yield increased to 1.94...2.58 t/ha. It must be noted that the pre-sowing seed treatment was more effective than foliar fertilization.
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, growth stimulator, Zircon, seed treatment, foliar fertilization, germination, raw materials.
Publication information View article
Veterinary and zootechny
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.011
REARING AND BREEDING OF HEREFORD CATTLE ON A PEASANT (FARM) ENTERPRISE
Т.N. Chuvorkina, Candidate of Economic Science, assistant-professor;
О.F. Kadykova, Candidate of Economic Science, assistant-professor;
S.N. Alekseeva, Candidate of Economic Science, assistant-professor;
N.М. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Science, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628338, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The authors developed an innovative project for raising and breeding beef cattle on the basis of the peasant farm enterprise of Mikheeva S.I. and prepared competitive documentation for the selection of participants in measures to support beginning farmers and the development of family livestock farms of peasant farm enterprises under the Penza Region state programme "Development of the Agricultural Sector of the Penza Region in 2014-2022".Based on the results of the study, a model of beef cattle breeding development on the basis of a peasant (farm) enterprise was developed. This model provides for breeding, rearing and fattening of cattle of the Hereford breed. The advantages of this breed are stability and endurance, simplicity in breeding, ability to transfer positive qualities by inheritance, high quality of meat.Taking into account the production indicators of the Hereford cattle breeding, the authors determined the financial indicators and economic efficiency of beef production. Net profit in the fifth year of the project will be 2213 thousand rubles, profitability of costs and sales will be 123 and 55% respectively. Organization of business taking into account technological features of the industry will allow the P(F)E of Mikheeva S. I. to get a level of profitability much higher than in the industry, and stable demand for meat and meat products guarantees its sales.
Keywords: beef cattle breeding, meat and meat products production, Hereford breed, farming, "marble meat".
Publication information View article
ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Processes and machines of Agroengineering systems
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.012
ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF THE S-7,2PM4 SEEDER
M.A. Papshev, Postgraduate;
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
A.R. Gubanova, Engineer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. (8412) 628517, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article is devoted to the current issue – improving the quality of planting seeds of grain crops. It is noted that the major designs of shovel and disc coulters have significant traction resistance, form a wide furrow, which is difficult to close, and do not provide high-quality following of the field relief. All this negatively affects the uniformity of the distribution of grain seeds, both along the length of the row and the depth of placement. The most promising direction for improving the quality indicators of the sowing unit is to equip grain planters with combined coulters. The article presents a brief description and results of acceptance tests of the S-7,2PM4 (С-7,2ПМ4) grain planter with new combined single-disc coulters developed by the Penza State Agrarian University in cooperation with JSC (AO) "Radiozavod", Penza. Acceptance tests were conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Volga MIS" (Kinel, Samara Oblast) in the fields of LLC Agro-Industrial Complex "Komsomolets" Kinelsky district of the Samara Oblast in accordance with GOST 31345-2017 "Agricultural machinery. Tractor seeders. Test methods" [1-6]. At the same time, an agrotechnical, energetic, operational, technological and economic assessment of the seeder was carried out. During acceptance tests, it was found that the combined single-disc coulters with gauge-wheels and the S-7,2PM4 (С-7,2ПМ4) seeder reliably perform the technological process. At the working speed of the unit – 7.5-10.0 km/h, the number of seeds covered at a given depth was 87.2-89.2 %, the traction resistance was within 9.45-9.47 kN. It corresponds to tractors of the traction class 1.4. Labour costs were 0.27 work h/ha, while the total cost of money at the price of the seeder – 1241.67 rubles, amounted to 885.69 rubles/ha.
Keywords: grain seeder, unit, acceptance tests, combined single-disc coulter, seeding quality, uniformity of seed distribution, traction resistance.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.013
EFFICIENCY OF USING SELF-PROPELLED SPRINKLER EQUIPPED WITH THE SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC GUIDING
Yu.V. Polishchuk, Candidate of Engineering Sciences;
N.V. Laptev, Master of Agricultural Sciences;
A.P. Komarov, Master of Agricultural Sciences
Kostanay branch office of the LLP (TOO) "Scientific Production Center of Agricultural Engineering", Kostanay, The Republic of Kazakhstan, tel. (87142) 558146, e-mail Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Precision agriculture reduces the cost for fertilizers, seeds, plant protection products, and petrol, oil, and lubricants by an average of 20%. Currently, the market of the Republic of Kazakhstan also offers various elements of precision agriculture systems, such as parallel and automatic guidance systems, seed control, yield mapping, differentiated application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection agents, and a GPS-tracker with a fuel level sensor. At the same time, the possibilities of obtaining efficiency from the use of precision agriculture systems in certain conditions of their use have not been fully studied yet.The article presents the results of comparative tests of a self-steering sprayer for chemical weeding of wheat and flax crops in Northern Kazakhstan. The method of conducting comparative tests was based on the requirements of state standards. When conducting comparative tests, their conditions, agrotechnical, energetic, operational, technological and economic indicators of a self-steering sprayer equipped with an automatic guidance system and without a system were determined. The use of the GPS navigation and automatic guidance systems in the chemical weeding of grain and oil crops increases productivity by 14.6 %, reduces specific energy consumption by 8 %, fuel consumption by 17 %, and working fluid consumption by 14.5 %. In such a case, total money costs are reduced by 9 %, and the annual saving of total money costs amounts to 6562.6 tenges (1093.7 rubles).
Keywords: comparative tests, precision agriculture, automatic guiding, chemical weeding, navi-gation system.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.014
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF A METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF REPAIR OF ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC NOZZLES OF AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINES
S.V. Timokhin, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor;
P.V. Bogatyrev, engineer;
А.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor;
V.A. Machnev, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article deals with the issues of repair of electro-hydraulic nozzles (EHN), which are widespread in automotive and tractor diesel engines. The actual resource of the EHN is significantly lower than the declared one and its restoration by carrying out repair and maintenance operations is expedient, both from a technical and economic point of view. The analysis of typical EHN malfunctions shows that one of the most wear-out elements of EHN is the contact surface of the seat of a ball electromagnetic valve. Typical and alternative technologies for repairing a valve seat are considered and a method for improving them with a vibration hardening of the contact surface is proposed. The goal and objectives of research are formulated. The theoretical substantiation of the process of vibration hardening of the EHN ball valve seat and its laboratory and bench studies, the results of which confirmed the working hypothesis about the possibility of forming a vibration rivet hardened contact surface of the valve, were carried out. The application of the proposed method will increase the resource of the repaired injectors at low costs for its implementation.
Keywords: diesel, electro-hydraulic nozzle, control valve, contact surface, vibration rivet, elec-tromagnet.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.015
THE QUESTION OF BOOM LIFTING EQUIPMENT OPERATION STABILITY ON A WHEELED CHASSIS
V.I. Tokarev1, Candidate of Technical Sciences;
N.V. Babochenko2, Candidate of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor
1 Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volgograd, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Volgograd State Agrarian University", Volgograd, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents for consideration the characteristics of the stability of the boom lifting equipment on a wheeled chassis in the form of mathematical expressions. Mathematical expressions are presented in the form of not cumbersome dependencies on specified parameters. The quality of movement depends on the increase in linear dimensions, masses, moments of inertia, as well as speeds, and other mechanical parameters of the lifting equipment. Achievement of the stability of the outboard boom lifting device is achieved by distributing the load between the jib boom (outboard boom of the lifting device) and the support wheels of the wheeled chassis. We believe that with the existence of a number of concepts with their theories, it is possible to determine the stability of the boom lifting device on a wheeled chassis. It has been found that it is possible to ensure the stability of work by choosing the appropriate values of the mechanical components of all links of the working mechanism for planned working situations. Depending on the possible placement of the lifting device, the stability indicators are changed, and this is confirmed by the mathematical expressions we compiled, which are given in the article. It has been established that by varying the positions and the mass of the constituent elements of the structure of the lifting device, as well as graphically defining the possible options of the load moving, depending on the given length of the jib boom, an expression takes place that makes it possible to determine a number of values of the masses safely lifted by the lifting device. There have been obtained the values of the cargo characteristics of the lifting device necessary for graphic constructions, expressing the relationship between the weight of the cargo and the overhanging of the jib boom with the weight of its elements. The reactions in the joints of the jig boom and the forces in its constituent links can be established from the data of the load characteristics. The desire to ensure maximum stability in the operation of the lifting device imposes restrictions on the control of several mobile operations at the same time, which adversely affects the efficiency of the work process. It has been established that ensuring the stability of operation in the transverse and longitudinal planes of the lifting device is a necessary component of safe operation. According to the dependencies for determining the indicator of cargo balance, it is possible to determine the preliminary installation site of the outriggers of the lifting device. As the results obtained confirm, the stability of the operation of the lifting device in the longitudinal direction is determined similarly to the stability of the operation in the transverse direction and for the nominal weight of the load with the greatest overhanging of the jib boom and the set outriggers. As a result, we note that the ratio of the holding moment relative to the overturning rib created by the weight of the lifting device on the wheeled chassis, taking into account the additional external loads that reduce it and the influence of the platform slope to the overturning moment created by the working load, serves as an indicator of the cargo balance.
Keywords: agricultural lifting equipment, work stability, support reaction, moment expression, load stability indicator, jib boom.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.016
DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CREATING ELECTRONIC FIELD MAPS USING PROGRAMS BASED ON THE ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
A.N. Kuvshinov, Candidate of Technical Sciences;
V.F. Kupryashkin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.P. Inshakov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
I.I. Kurbakov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ogarev Mordovia State University", Saransk, Russia, tel. (834) 25 44 05, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Electronic maps are necessary to measure the area of fields and create a digital environment with which the rest of the components of precision agriculture work.For practical implementation, the method of rendering fields using special programs based on the ANDROID operating system was chosen. The programs «GPS Area» from News Marathon Ltd, «Field navigator» from Farmis and «Field Bee» from е Farmer BV were determined to be the most optimal in terms of functionality. To create electronic maps using the method of rendering programs based on the ANDROID operating system, it is better to use more complex parallel driving systems which allow not only to save fields, but also have the functions of exporting maps, transferring, and changing units of measurement. These systems allow combining the functions of rendering and detouring fields, as well as connect an external GPS antenna to increase the accuracy of measurements. Herewith, it was found out that the course indicator programs do not render or create electronic maps, but only serve to draw parallel lines and trackers onto the limitless virtual field of the application. Numerical analysis of the optimal selection criterion showed that the most effective program was "Field navigator" with the selection criterion Z = 5,01.
Based on the research of software on the ANDROID operating system, practical recommendations have been developed.
Keywords: electronic map, program, tablet, ANDROID, global positioning systems (GNSS).
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.017
THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF BUTTER PRESS
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
P.N. Khorev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. +79273907570, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The main objective of the country's agriculture and dairy production, in particular, is to further increase the production of dairy products necessary for the population, based on reducing its cost, and to create generally available solutions for mechanizing the processing of dairy products with minimized labor costs.
In the state programme for the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation for 2013-2020, one of the priority areas is the development of small forms of farming – peasant (farm) enterprises and personal subsidiary farms (PSF). There are already more than 340,000 peasant (farm) enterprises (P(F)E) in our country. In 2016, P(F)E and PSF produced about 1.5 million tons of milk, with a percentage of 69%, they account for more than 1.1 million head of cows. In our country, more than 340 thousand peasant (farm) farms are already functioning, and according to the situation in 2016, P(F)E and private household plots produced about 1.5 million tons of milk, with a marketability percentage of 69%. They account for more than 1.1 million cows.
With the introduction of economic and social measures in August 2014, which made it possible to free up to 20% of the Russian dairy market from imported products, domestic producers of cheeses and butter began to fill the gap.
Keywords: butter press, cream, butter, auger.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.018
LABORATORY TESTS OF A FOUR-SECTION SEED WHEEL WITH GROOVES IN THE SHAPE OF A PART OF THE ROTATION SURFACE OF A TORUS
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor;
А.V. Shukov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor;
А.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, senior lecturer,
T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628517, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article deals with the issue of improving the quality indicator of sowing cereal seeds, such as instability of total sowing and the results of laboratory research of experimental sowing machine, the reel of which is made four-sectional, with grooves in the form of a part of the torus surface rotation. Laboratory researches of experimental sowing machine to find rational values of its design and operating parameters necessary for quality work were carried out using a laboratory set-up. The graphical dependences of instability of total seeding on frequency of rotation of the four-sectional coil, the radius of the forming part of the torus rotation surface and the groove length of one section of the four-sectional wheel were obtained. The paper presents two-dimensional cross-sections of the graphic dependence that characterize the instability of total seeding on its design and operating parameters of the experimental seeding unit, the wheel of which is made four-sectional, with grooves in the form of a part of the torus rotation surface, the rotation frequency of the four-sectional wheel, the radius of the forming part of the torus rotation surface and the groove length of one section of the four-sectional wheel, which provide the lowest instability of the total seeding [1, 2].
Keywords: sowing unit, four-sectional seed-wheel, laboratory set-up, torus, seeds, instability of total sowing.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.019
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF OPERATION OF A COULTER WITH A SEED VELOCITY SUPPRESSOR FOR PLANTING GRAIN CROPS
D.V. Vanin, Postgraduate;
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628517, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
In the article, one of the major issues of planting crops is considered. It is the problem of the uniform distribution of the seeds along the length and depth of the furrow, when excluding the clogging of the outlet of the grain tube.
Theoretical studies of a coulter with a seed velocity suppressor for planting grain crops are presented, and the design of the developed coulter is described. Several significant disadvantages of modern coulters of grain seeders are noted. As a result of theoretical studies, the equations to determine the movement time of a seed, the distance between the centres of mass from the first strike to the second one, the seed velocity in the fall, the fall time of a seed when leaving the grain tube, the equation of the seed motion at its leaving from the grain tube are composed. Moreover, the values of these equations are obtained, which ensure improved coulter quality. It can have an impact on increasing the uniformity of seed distribution over the length of the row and grain yields.
Keywords: uniformity of seed distribution, planting quality, disc coulter, seeds, velocity sup-pressor.
Publication information View article
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.8.4.020
HETEROLOGY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES
V.V. Smogunov1, Doctor of Technical sciences, Professor;
M.I. Volnikov2, Candidate of Technical sciences, Assistant-professor;
N.S. Kuznetsov1, student
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. +79273651772, е-mail:Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The development of agricultural production in urban settlements has led to the development of all kinds of technologies to provide food to the population. This, in turn, has increased the amount of waste, which has raised the problem of waste management. The heterology of waste management technologies and the development of waste management models for agricultural industries are investigated. Current approaches based on the systematics of recycling technologies are methodologically explored.
Modern agricultural waste management technologies have been discussed. Foreign experience in solving the problem of recycling is given. The problems of agricultural waste management in Russia are considered. The main problem is caused by the insufficient study of recycling models and technologies and, in particular, the recycling of agricultural wastes. The main ways of solving the problem of agricultural waste management are outlined.
As a result, the article sets and solves the problem of constructing a heterology of waste management technologies. The problem of recycling was considered, its models were developed, and the effectiveness of the applications of the known models was investigated. A model with mobile mini recycling plants from agricultural enterprises and territories was developed. The problem of constructing the heterology of recycling technologies was solved. Models of waste management technologies were built: an effective model with the use of mini waste management plants, as well as models with the use of waste in the construction of motorways.
Keywords: heterology, technology, waste management, models, mobile mini-plant, agricultural waste, motorways.
