AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Agronomy
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.001
ASSESSMENT OF PEA VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
N.V. Shabyshev, post-graduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Assessment of pea varieties at different levels of mineral nutrition is a specific task associated with the need to increase yields and reduce vegetable protein deficiency. The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of productivity formation of pea varieties and substantiate the optimal application of "starting" doses of mineral fertilizers, which ensure high grain yields. To achieve the goal, a two-factor field experiment was carried out. Factor A – sowing pea varieties; Factor B – mineral nutrition levels. As a result, it was found that the assessed varieties responded well to the application of low "starter" doses of mineral fertilizers (N16P16K16; N32P32K32). The pea varieties Pharaoh and Flagman 12 formed the highest grain yield when N32P32K32 was applied. The Rocket and ESO varieties also showed the highest yield of grain at the background of the application of N32P32K32 for the three-year period of the study. However, in some years there was no significant difference in yield obtained using N16P16K16 and N32P32K32 for these varieties. The highest biological yield over the years was in the variety ESO (4.3 t/ha), a slightly lower yield was in the variety Rocket (4.1 t/ha), even lower was the yield of the varieties Flagman 12 (3.6 t/ha) and Pharaoh (3.4 t/ha).
Keywords: sowing pea, varieties, yield, mineral nutrition, fertilizer.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.002
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN WINTER WHEAT
I.R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher
North Caucasian Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture – a branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, village Mikhailovskoe, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents the results of long-term studies of physiological processes, oxidative stress in wheat plants under the influence of phytopathogens, mineral fertilizers and fungicides. The criteria for the damaging effect of oxidative stress are the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase and the concentration of TBA-active products. Normally, a mobile balance is maintained between the processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant (AO) defense system of the cell. However, under stressful conditions, the ROS content in cells rapidly increases and oxidative stress develops.
Plant resistance to many environmental factors is determined by the plant's ability to maintain the coordinated course of physiological processes without causing their significant disruption under conditions stress. The relationship between LPO processes and nitrate reductase activity was observed in all wheat varieties. It was found that varieties reacted differently to fertilizer doses. A high negative correlation dependence r = -83 was found between LPO and NDA processes. Many pesticides, in addition to their main target effect, have additional effects on plants. Fungicides from the triazole class (Bayleton, Tilt, Fundazol) were studied. They all showed antioxidant properties. The strongest antioxidant effect was observed for the fungicide Tilt (propiconazole). Our results, regarding the close relationship between LPO and HPA processes, make it possible to use fungicides from the triazole class for increasing plant resistance to various stress factors, activating the antioxidant system in plant cells, increasing productivity. They areas chemical immunizers, they are capable of simultaneously restraining the development of diseases and affecting physiological and biochemical mechanisms that increase the resistance of plant organisms to phytopathogens and other stress factors.
Keywords: wheat, fertilizers, fungicide, nitrate reductase, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.003
THE ROLE OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE FORMATION OF MAIZE GRAIN CROP YIELD
S.A. Semina1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor;
I.V. Gavryushina1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.A. Semina2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
S.N. Alekseeva1, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing" Moscow Region, Odintsovo City District, VNIISSOK settlement, Russia
The article presents the results of studies on the effect of foliar treatment of plants with growth regulators on the formation of maize grain yield depending on the level of mineral nutrition. It was found that exogenous growth regulators had almost no effect on the number of ripened cobs on the plant, but stimulated the growth of the cob length: on an unfertilized agricultural background, the increase was 0.2-7.1 %, while when fertilizer was applied it was 2.4-6.1 %. With foliar treatment of the crops with Zircon and Plagron Vita Race on a natural agricultural background, the number of grains in the cob increased by 22-24 pcs (7.6-8.4%), and on a fertilized background the increase was 16-24 pcs (4.6-6.8%). The foliar treatment with phytoregulators on a natural agricultural background increased the grain yield per cob by 10.6 % and by 4.9 % on an improved mineral nutrition background. The higher grain yield per cob was obtained with Zircon and Plagron Vita Race treatment. In terms of grain yield at all levels of mineral nutrition, the most effective way was the use of the plant growth regulator Plagron Vita Race, which yielded an additional 10.1-13.5 % of production. In all years of research, exogenous phytoregulators showed better antistress properties in natural agricultural backgrounds.
Keywords: maize, growth regulator, cob, grain, yield.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.004
EFFECT OF MICROFERTILIZERS BASED ON CHELATED COMPLEXES ON SEED GERMINATION
A.V. Nushtaeva, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Blinokhvatova, Candidate of Biological Sciences;
T.A. Vlasova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The most important role in crop formation and its chemical composition is fulfilled by the balanced nutrition of plants with macro and microelements. The agrochemical approach to plant nutrition regulation is based on the removal of nutrients from the soil, the content and availability of macro- and microelements and their compensation by applying fertilizers to the planned yield. An insufficient content of several necessary microelements, namely Zn, Mo, Mn, and B, characterizes the Penza region soils In this regard, the issue of using complex forms of microfertilizers remains relevant. The influence of various concentrations from 0.1 to 10 % of the micro fertilizers preparation based on chelated complexes of elements on the germination of spring wheat seeds Triticum aestivum L. (the Tulaykovskaya 108 variety) and sunflower Helianthus annuus L. (hybrid P62LE122) was studied. The positive effect of low concentrations of the working preparation of microfertilizers on the germination of sunflower seeds was found out: an increase in germination energy from 17 %, seed germination from 5 %, and seedling biomass from 2%. With an increase in the preparation concentration, the suppression of seed germination was found. It was especially seen on spring wheat. It is assumed that the increased content of copper and zinc has a toxic effect on the cells of seedlings. The studied preparation of microfertilizers can be recommended for pre-planting treatment of sunflower seeds. Its concentration of elements includes: Mn – 30-150 mg/l, Zn – 20-80 mg/l, Cu – 3-10 mg/l, B – 10-50 mg/l.
Keywords: microelements, copper, zinc, ontogenesis, germination.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.005
PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT CROP ROTATIONS AND METHODS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVEMENT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA REGION
А.L. Toigildin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor;
М.I. Podsevalov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor;
I.А. Toigildina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor;
D.E. Ayupov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior lecturer;
V.N. Ostin, post-graduate student.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422)55-95-75,
e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents the results of an assessment of the yield of oil-bearing crops (oilseed flax, white mustard, spring rape), winter wheat and comparative productivity of crop rotation links with two schemes of main tillage and two levels of plant protection in the stationary three-factor field experiment in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. During the years of the research, the crop yield of oil flax was 0.18-1.33 t/ha, of white mustard – 1.05-1.35 t/ha, of spring rape – 1.14-1.52 t/ha of oilseeds, with a significant increase under the combined treatment of soil in the crop rotation and adaptive-integrated plant protection (treatment of seeds, use of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and bio fungicides). The yield of winter wheat varied according to the forecrop: clean fallow – 5.72 t/ha > after white mustard – 4.75 t/ha > after spring rape – 4.54 t/ha > after oilseed flax – 4.44 t/ha. An assessment of the comparative productivity of crop rotations with winter wheat showed that they can be placed in the following descending order: white mustard – winter wheat – 3.18 > oilseed flax – winter wheat – 3.14 > spring rape – winter wheat – 3.08 > clean fallow – winter wheat – 2.86 thousand grain units per 1 ha. Thus, the use of crop rotation links with cultivated fallows and partial replacement of clean fallows is a promising direction from the perspective of using arable land on the principles of crop rotation, especially in agricultural landscapes with high erosion risk.
Keywords: winter wheat, oilseed flax, white mustard, spring rape, tillage, crop protection, productivity.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.006
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS OF THE GARDEN PLUM VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
A.V. Solonkin1, Doctor of Agricultural sciences;
T.I. Alexandrova2, junior researcher
1Federal State-Funded Institution Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Forestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volgograd, Russia, tel. 8-903-376-76-92, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Federal State-Funded Institution Caspian Agricultural Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astrakhanskaya oblast, Russia, tel. 8-929-743-87-19,
e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents the results of the study of productivity and yield of plum varieties under the conditions of the arid zone of the Lower Volga region. Studies were carried out at the irrigated section of the Federal State-Funded Institution Caspian Agricultural Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research material was seven plum varieties: Renklod Altana, Chernosliv Adygeyskiy, President, Donetskaya, Stanley, Angelina, Chachakskaya. The control was presented by Renklod Altana. The results of the study of plum varieties indicate good growth and development under the arid zone of the Caspian.
Keywords: Variety, gardening, plum, products, adaptation, crown, tree trunk, fruit weight.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.007
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GREY FOREST SOILS AND OIL-PLANT YIELDS WHEN USING THE METHODS OF BASIC CULTIVATION
E.I. Lupova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
D.V. Vinogradov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ryazan State Agrotechnological University Named After P.A. Kostychev", Ryazan, Russia, tel. (8912)353516, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents an analysis of multi-year research on the development of the cultivation technology elements of the spring rape and winter cress, which provide an increase of oilseeds yield in the conditions of Ryazan Oblast. According to the experiment results, it was found that there was no significant difference in the biological activity of the soil in the crop rotation. The maximum yield of rape was observed in the option of the fallow link of crop rotation + mouldboard tillage – 31.3 dt/ha, and of winter cress – 25.6 dt/ha. In the research presented, the oil content of spring rape of the Ratnik variety was 43.4-47.6 %, of winter cress of the Lipchanka – 42.0-45.1 %. In addition, it did not depend on the cultivation intensity.
Keywords: rape, winter cress, grey forest soil, biological activity, oilseeds, yield.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.008
APPLICATION OF MICRO-ELEMENT FERTILIZERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL HEMP (SURSKAYA VARIETY) AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE CONTENT OF CANNABINOIDS
V.A. Gushchina1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.A. Smirnov2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.D. Smirnov1, postgraduate student
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel.: 8 (8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Limited Liability Company "Konopleks Agro", Nizhny Lomov, Penza region, Russia
Hemp is currently used as a material for the manufacture of a number of strategically important products. In this regard, domestic industrial hemp growing began to revive. In the modern production of hemp sowing fertilizers is the use of environmentally friendly preparations, the low dose applying of which is a low-cost means. Therefore, in order to achieve a high-quality crop of industrial hemp variety Surskaya with a tetrahydrocannabinol content that does not exceed the permissible by law (0.1%). On leached chernozem of the agro-firm LLC "Konolex Penza" in years with different hydrothermal conditions (2019-2020) foliar feeding with microelement preparations of the phase of three pairs with true leaves, budding, and also, with their value, did not affect the significant accumulation of specific compounds in the tops of the inflorescences of hemp plants – the sum of the main cannabinoids and tetrohydrocannabinol. However, it should be noted that under the drought conditions of 2019 during the sowing-flowering period (THC – 0.18), an increase in the total content of the main cannabinoids by 1.1...1.5 times was observed. The concentration of THC, which has a hallucinogenic effect, during foliar treatment of cannabis in the phase of three pairs of true leaves with the phase – in budding with the studied preparations, increased 1.2...1.7 times, but did not exceed 0.057%. With excessive moisture (THC – 1.62) of the sowing-flowering interphase period in 2020, the sum of the main cannabinoids in plants was 1.2...1.3 times less. Of the non-psychoactive components, cannabidiols (CBD) accumulate the most, However, it should be noted that under the drought conditions of 2019 during the sowing-flowering period (THC – 0.18), an increase in the total content of the main cannabinoids by 1.1...1.5 times was observed. The concentration of THC, which has a hallucinogenic effect, during foliar treatment of cannabis in the phase of three pairs of true leaves with the phase – in budding with the studied preparations, increased 1.2...1.7 times, but did not exceed 0.057%. With excessive moisture (THC – 1.62) of the sowing-flowering interphase period in 2020, the sum of the main cannabinoids in plants was 1.2...1.3 times less. Of the non-psychoactive components, cannabidiols (CBD) accumulate the most, However, it should be noted that under the drought conditions of 2019 during the sowing-flowering period (THC – 0.18), an increase in the total content of the main cannabinoids by 1.1...1.5 times was observed. The concentration of THC, which has a hallucinogenic effect, during foliar treatment of cannabis in the phase of three pairs of true leaves with the phase – in budding with the studied preparations, increased 1.2...1.7 times, but did not exceed 0.057%. With excessive moisture (THC – 1.62) of the sowing-flowering interphase period in 2020, the sum of the main cannabinoids in plants was 1.2...1.3 times less. Of the non-psychoactive components, cannabidiols (CBD) accumulate the most, during foliar treatment of hemp in the phase of three pairs of true leaves with the phase – in budding with the studied preparations, it increased by 1.2...1.7 times, but did not exceed 0.057%. With excessive moisture (THC – 1.62) of the sowing-flowering interphase period in 2020, the sum of the main cannabinoids in plants was 1.2...1.3 times less. Of the non-psychoactive components, cannabidiols (CBD) accumulate the most, during foliar treatment of hemp in the phase of three pairs of true leaves with the phase – in budding with the studied preparations, increased by 1.2...1.7 times, but did not exceed 0.057%. With excessive moisture (THC – 1.62) of the sowing-flowering interphase period in 2020, the sum of the main cannabinoids in plants was 1.2...1.3 times less. Of the non-psychoactive components, cannabidiols (CBD) accumulate the most,
Keywords: industrial hemp, micro-elements, foliar treatment, cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.009
THE INFLUENCE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY PROCESSES OF SPRING WHEAT
V.A. Isaychev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.N. Andreev1,2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Research Officer;
I.L. Fedorova1, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422) 55-95-16, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Institute of Technology – branch of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Dimitrovgrad Russia, tel. 89061434511, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents the results of studying the effect of MEGAMIX-AZOT and the NPK fertilizer (nitroammophoska) on the germination parameters and photosynthetic activity of spring wheat plants of the Ulyanovskaya 100 variety under the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. It showed that pre-sowing seed incrustation with MEGAMIX-AZOT contributed to an increase in seed germination power by 5.1 % compared to the control and laboratory germination rate by 4.3 %. Compared to the control option, the increase in the length of spring wheat seedlings was 0.37 cm, and seminal roots – 0.54 cm. Under the effect of the used preparation, the field germination rate of spring wheat seeds increased and was higher than the control by 5.4 % during the years of research averagely. In the MEGAMIX-AZOT option on a fertilised background, an improved rate of dry matter accumulation by spring wheat plants was in all phases of growth and development. At the tillering stage, the studied parameter was 451.7 kg/ha, at the stem extension stage – 2222.1 kg/ha, at the heading stage – 4451.0 kg/ha, and at the milky ripening stage – 6205.3 kg/ha. Under the effect of the studied preparation, the maximum increase of the phytomass growth rate occurred against the background of the application of complex mineral fertilizer. On average for the three experimental years, the increase in the control option was: 0.28 mg/g – at the stem extension stage, 0.63 mg/g – at the heading stage, and 0.58 mg/g – at the milky ripening stage. Against the background of a complex mineral fertilizer application, the maximum net photosynthetic productivity occurred in the MEGAMIX-AZOT option. At the stem extension stage, this parameter was 9.63 g/m2 per day, at the heading stage – 13.57 g/m2, at the milky ripening stage – 12.17 g/m2.
Keywords: spring wheat, mineral fertilizers, germination parameters, photosynthetic activity, productivity.
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Veterinary and zootechny
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.010
INFLUENCE OF BREED AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN ON INDICATORS OF SEMEN PRODUCTION OF STUD BULLS
O.V. Rudenko1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
M. Almohammed2, postgraduate student
1Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture – branch of the Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution “Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitskiy”, Selektsionnaya station, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, Russia, tel./fax (83145) 65-377, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education “Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy”, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article presents data on the influence of the breed of linear affiliation, country of origin on the quality indicators of sperm production of sire bulls. The research was carried out on bulls of Holstein, Black Pied, Brown Swiss and Hereford bulls at the age of 2-6 years in OOO Nizhegorodskoie for Stock Breeding. In our studies, bulls of different breeds differed from each other in qualitative and quantitative indicators. Holstein bulls had the largest volume of ejaculate, 7.57 ± 0.19 ml, in the context of the lineages the fluctuations were insignificant. The highest concentration of sperm was found in the ejaculate of Hereford beef bulls, 0.789 ± 0.105 billion/ml. The best sperm activity was found in Holstein and Brown Swiss bulls (6.42 and 6.47 points, respectively). The influence of the breed on the volume of ejaculate was 34.4%, on the concentration of sperm in the ejaculate – 18.8%, on the activity of sperm – 25.6%. The average volume of ejaculate is a rather variable sign. The coefficient of variability ranges from 10.7 to 32.1%. The sperm concentration has slightly less variability, the coefficient of variability is 11.8-24.8%. The variability in sperm activity was the lowest of the three studied parameters. The lowest value of the coefficient of variation of sperm activity was found in the Laird lineage of Brown Swiss bulls, 0.1%; the highest in Hereford bulls, 10.6%. The number of sperm doses stored in the storage depends to a greater extent on the activity of sperm cells (r = 0.421), to a lesser extent on their concentration in the ejaculate (r = 0.375). Holstein bulls from Canada are of full age (5-6 years), which is why they exceeded domestic stud bulls in terms of ejaculate volume and sperm activity with statistical significance. The difference in sperm concentration between stud bulls has not been established.
Keywords: stud bulls, sperm concentration, ejaculate volume, sperm activity, breed, lineage, country of origin.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.011
LIVE WEIGHT AND SURVIVAL OF PIGLETS FROM SOWS WITH DIFFERENT LENGTH OF SERVICE-PERIOD AND LACTATION
А.I. Daryin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.N. Kerdyashov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
А.А. Busov, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8-9061567215, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Hybrid pigs used on modern complexes are highly productive, but are more demanding in terms of feeding and housing conditions. The reproductive qualities of sows have a low heredity and are therefore largely determined by technological factors. The development of technological methods of using sows in reproduction is of great importance. Studies on the effect of the duration of the service period (interval from weaning to insemination, or mating period) and lactation of sows on the weaning live weight of piglets and their safety were conducted in the reproductive unit of an industrial pig farm. It was revealed that the duration of the service period and lactation of sows influences their further reproductive qualities. It was noted that inseminating sows during the second heat after weaning has a positive influence on the weaning live weight and safety of the piglets obtained from them. It was revealed that the sows with a service period of 21-28 days had the highest increase in the live weight of the piglets from 0.27 to 0.55 kg in comparison with the analogous data from the groups of sows with a service period of 1-7 days. When using the technique of inseminating sows in the second heat and their lactation period of 21 days, the survival of the piglets improved by 0.7-2.2%.
Keywords: pig breeding, sow, farrowing, multiple farrowing, farrowing number, service period, lactation period, piglet survival, number of weaned piglets.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.012
ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COWS DEPENDING ON ORIGIN
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
Т.А. Guseva, Candidate of Agricultural sciences;
E.А. Latypova, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 628380, е-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
At present, the assessment of reproductive qualities of cows depending on their origin is of great scientific and practical importance in cattle breeding. This is due to the fact that violation of reproductive functions of animals, firstly, reduces milk productivity of cows, secondly, reduces the period of economic use of animals, and, consequently, the profitability of production of the industry in general. Studies on assessment of reproductive qualities of cows depending on their origin were conducted in the breeding farm ZAO Konstantinovo (CJSC). At this farm an extensive work on mating cows of the Russian Black Pied breed with Holstein bulls is in progress. As a result there are cows of different intermediate genotypes in terms of blood and lineage affiliation in the herd. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the reproductive ability of the cows in the herd depending on their origin. Groups of first-calf cows were formed according to the analogy method, taking into account lineage and bloodlines. As a result of the conducted researches it has been established that the lineage of cows influences reproductive ability, namely, age of the first insemination and the first calving, service-period, inter-calving period, the fertility index and reproductive ability coefficient. The best reproductive performance was found in the Reflection Sovereign 198998 and Montvic Chieftain 95679 lines.
Keywords: line, bloodlines, age of the first insemination, age of the first calving, service-period, inter-calving period, fertility index, reproductive ability coefficient.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.013
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF SELENIUM COMPOUNDS ON THE VETERINARY AND SANITARY INDICATORS OF PORK
А.А. Kuznetsov, Candidate of Biological Science;
G.I. Boryaev, Doctor of Biological Science, professor;
Е.V. Zdorovieva, Candidate of Biological Science;
D.V. Mironov, student of the Techological Faculty
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. 8(8412)628563, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Studies have shown that the diet of Russians contains considerably less selenium than they need. Insufficient intake of selenium can provoke a number of dangerous diseases. The enrichment of mass consumption foodstuffs with selenium through the introduction of selenium-containing compounds into the feeds of farm animals is one of the ways to provide people with this microelement in a sufficient dose.
Comprehensive evaluation of the influence of selenopyran (an organic compound of selenium) as a part of feed additive to swine diet, on productivity, accumulation and distribution of selenium in organs and tissues of animals, biological value of meat products has not been conducted by other researchers.
Three groups of fattening piglets were formed to study this issue. Animals of the first experimental group received 0.3 mg of selenium in the form of selenopyran per one kilogram of feed, the second group received sodium selenite in the same dose. The third group was a control one.
The research showed that the level of selenium in the muscle tissue of animals fed with selenopyran and sodium selenite exceeded this indicator of the control group, while the accumulation and distribution of the microelement in the body depended on the form of selenium compound.
In addition, in animals of the experimental groups the content of essential fusible fatty acids in the speck and lipids of meat increased. This proves that the use of selenium-containing compounds of organic and inorganic nature at the dose of 0.3 mg of selenium per 1 kg of feed can increase the biological value of pork by accumulating selenium in the muscle tissue and increasing the content of essential fatty acids in the speck and lipids of meat. Organic selenium is the most effective form of selenium. The property of selenium to be accumulated in the tissues and organs of animals allows the production of functional meat products saturated with this microelement.
Keywords: selenium, selenopyran, functional food products, product saturation, selenium content in meat.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.014
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN THE FEEDING OF STORE PIGS
L.R. Mikhailova1, Postgraduate;
L.V. Zhestyanova1, Postgraduate,
A.Yu. Lavrentiev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
V.S. Sherne2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University»;
2OOO "Naturalnyie produkty Povolzhiya" (a limited liability company under the laws of the Russian Federation)
The purpose-oriented use of a silicon-containing zeolite as a preventive and therapeutic food additive when feeding animals and birds makes it possible to increase their productivity. Four mixed fodder formulas were developed to carry out the experiment: one without zeolite tripoli and three with 3, 4, 5 % of this additive. Based on scientific and economic studies, the experiment has shown that the optimum additive dose of this preparation is 3% of the feed weight. In addition, it was found that the absolute growth increased by 13.5 % in the second group, and by 7.2 % in the third group. In the fourth group, it decreased by 4.41 % compared to the control group. Studies have shown that the addition of silicon-containing zeolite in the second and third experimental groups did not affect the food intake of the experimental animals. In contrast, in the fourth experimental group, an appetite decrease was observed. Feed consumption per unit live weight in the second, third and fourth experimental groups decreased by 12.1%, 6.7% and 0.3%.
Keywords: combined feed, silicon-containing zeolite, young pigs, growth, feed consumption, digestibility, availability.
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ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Processes and machines of Agroengineering systems
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.015
THE PECULIARITIES OF MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF A VARIABLE SPEED GEARBOX
V.V. Lyandenburskiy2, Candidate of Technical sciences, Assistant-professor;
А.S. Ivanov1, Candidate of Technical sciences, Assistant-professor;
I.I. Fahrutdinov2;
V.А. Ivanov1, Candidate of Technical sciences
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 65-82-42 Е-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State University", Penza, Russia
Nowadays, road transport is used to move various loads in agriculture, in which automatic gearboxes are used. When the vehicles are moving, elements wear out, which leads to changes in parameters of technical condition of vehicles, reduction of efficiency of gear shifting or inability to move the vehicle.
The key element in a variable speed gearbox which has a dispatching function is the V-belt variator gear. Existing algorithms do not make it possible to identify the fault in the vehicle at the lowest cost. It is proposed to change the algorithm for diagnosing vehicle gearboxes based on the analysis. As a result of the road tests, measurements of accelerator pedal depressions, changes of vehicle speed and engine crankshaft speed depending on time, changes of throttle opening degree and pressure in the high pressure fuel line were made with a Consult III+ device to identify the malfunctioning condition of the hydraulic unit of the gearbox. The measurement time for each of the indicators did not exceed 30 seconds. The available monitoring system cannot detect a gearbox failure. Detecting a failure when the vehicle is not shifting gears requires the development of an algorithm using a questionnaire part.
Keywords: vehicle, diagnosis, automatic gearbox, algorithm.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.016
ADAPTATION OF TRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE TO OPERATION ON HILL MUSTARD MINERAL FUEL
A.P. Ukhanov1, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, professor;
D.A. Ukhanov2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, professor;
S.V. Gorbacheva1, post-graduate student
1Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.;
2Federal Autonomous Institution The 25th State Scientific Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
The purpose of the research is the adaptation of the tractor engine to operation on diesel blended fuel (DBF), the biological component of which is vegetable oil of Bunias orientalis or hill mustard. The information on the fatty acid and hydrocarbon composition is given, as well as the lower heat of the combustion and the cetane number of the hill mustard oil and DBF with a different percentage ratio of commercial mineral diesel fuel (DF) and hill mustard oil. The results of tribological studies of the hill mustard oil and DBF on a universal tribometer with a three-sized friction node are presented. Analysis of the results indicates that in terms of flammability, calorific and lubricity indicators, it is rational to use blended hill mustard-mineral fuel with a 10-50% content of the hill mustard oil in it. For the tractor to operate on mineral DF and DBF, a two-fuel diesel power system has been developed and patented, which, along with the nodes and units of the standard power supply system, contains a switch of a motor fuel type, an ultrasonic device for processing DBF components by high-frequency oscillations, a temperature sensor and a load sensor. In start-up, warm-up and stop modes, the operation of the diesel engine is carried out on mineral DF, in other modes – on DBF. DBF processing with high-frequency oscillations is carried out only when the diesel engine is operating in the nominal load mode or in overload mode. When using a diesel engine in idling modes, small and medium loads modes, the processing of blended fuel by high-frequency oscillations is not produced.
Keywords: diesel, mineral diesel fuel, hill mustard oil, diesel blended fuel, calorific and lubricating properties, flammability, power system.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.017
DESIGN OF A COULTER WITH A FURROW COVERING DEVICE FOR A GRAIN SEEDER
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
S.V. Brichkov, Postgraduate;
A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
A coulter is one of the most important working elements of a grain seeder. Its operation affects not only the uniform distribution of the seeds but also the depth of their sowing.
The manufacture of coulters without a seed covering device can be considered a disadvantage of the present coulters. This results in partial and uneven coverage of the seed furrow only caused by sloughing soil from the furrow walls, following the coulter disks. In this case, the partially and unevenly placed seeds can be distributed in the soil with different depths, etc. In turn, this can lead to the seeding quality and crop yields decrease. The research presented in this article is oriented towards improving the quality of sowing of grain crops by upgrading the coulter working process with furrow covering devices. These studies are relevant and of high economic importance to the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation.
This article presents the design and operating principle of the developed coulter with furrow covering device. When using it, the seeding-down only by falling soil from the furrow walls is avoided; complete and uniform furrow covering without seed displacement together with the soil is provided; the most uniform seed distribution over the length of the furrow and the sowing depth is ensured.
Keywords: disks, coulter, device for covering seeds, seeds, spring fingers.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.018
THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE COPYING CROP LIFTER OF A COMBINE HARVESTER HEADER
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor;
А.V. Shukov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor;
Е.V. Petrova, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel.8(8412) 626-579, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The article deals with an important topic – reduction of grain losses during harvesting of lodged crops. It analyzes the designs of existing crop lifting devices for harvesting lodged crops and reveals their main drawback. The design and operating principles of the proposed copying crop lifter for combine harvester are described. The results of theoretical studies on justification of design parameters of copying crop lifter are given, in particular, theoretical dependencies determining the length of the slide and the base and the force required to match plated spring of the copying crop lifter are presented.
Keywords: combine harvester, combine header, lodged crops, grain crops, grain losses, copying crop lifter.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.019
DESIGN OF THE SEEDING UNIT OF A GRAIN SEEDER WITH INCLINED RIBS AND GROOVES AND SECTIONAL ROLLER GROOVE DIVIDERS
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Technical Science, professor;
А.Yu. Vershigorov, post-graduate student;
А.V. Shukov, Candidate of Technical Science, assistant-professor;
Т.А. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Technical Science, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
The seeding unit is one of the most important parts of a grain seeder, as it not only affects the distribution of seed per unit area, but also the deviation from the specified seeding rate, as well as the crushing of the seed.
When examining various types of seed wheel designs, it can be concluded that they mostly have sectional rollers, the grooves of which are straight and staggered on the surfaces of the sectional rollers. The disadvantages of such seeding machines include deviation from the specified seeding rate, unsatisfactory distribution of seeds per unit area, as the location of grooves on the surface of the sectional roller is staggered, resulting in seed rolls from the edges of the sectional roller and falls on the adjacent sections of the sectional roller.
The article presents the design and principle of operation of the developed seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclined ribs and grooves and sectional roller groove dividers. When using it, deviation from the set seeding rate, unsatisfactory spreading of seeds per unit area, crushing of seeds are reduced. All this improves the quality of seed sowing.
Keywords: sectional roller, dividers, seeding unit, seed grain.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.9.1.020
INVESTIGATION OF THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A VEHICLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
S.V. Timokhin, Doctor of Technical science, professor;
Yu.V. Sergeevichev, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Based on the patent-information analysis, the paper substantiates the relevance of researching technical and economic indicators of typical automobile power supply systems based on generator sets (GS) and starter batteries (STB). In order to carry out experimental researches of automobile GSs the authors developed a laboratory setup on the basis of high-speed electric motor powered by frequency converter with direct measurement of torque and equipped with necessary equipment and electro-measuring instruments. The methods of experimental and computational determination of the investigated indicators are presented. The results of the investigations made it possible to determine the components of power consumption for the drive of a vehicle generator set and its coefficient of performance. The consumption and cost of fuel consumed for the drive of a vehicle GS is calculated, the necessity and directions of further research on their reduction are substantiated.
Keywords: internal combustion engine, generator set, efficiency, power, drive, fuel consumption.
